ĭe Almeida VLL, Hahn NS, Vazzoler AEAM (1997) Feeding patterns in five predatory fishes of the high Parana River floodplain (PR, Brazil). ĭavis S, Lukeman R, Schaerf TM, Ward AJW (2017) Familiarity affects collective motion in shoals of guppies ( Poecilia reticulata). Ĭroft DP, Arrowsmith BJ, Bielby J, Skinner K, White E, Couzin ID, Magurran AE, Ramnarine I, Krause J (2003) Mechanisms underlying shoal composition in the Trinidadian guppy, Poecilia reticulata. Ĭhelini MC, Willemart RH, Hebets EA (2009) Costs and benefits of freezing behaviour in the harvestman Eumesosoma roeweri (Arachnida, Opiliones). īrown C, Warburton K (1997) Predator recognition and anti-predator responses in the rainbowfish Melanotaenia eachamensis. īorner KK, Krause S, Mehner T et al (2015) Turbidity affects social dynamics in Trinidadian guppies.
īlomberg SP, Garland JRT, Ives AR (2003) Testing for phylogenetic signal in comparative data: behavioral traits are more labile. (Master thesis, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Brazil). īifi AG (2013) Revisão taxonômica das espécies do grupo Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794) (Characiformes: Erythrinidae) da bacia do rio do Prata. īean CW, Winfield IJ (1995) Habitat use and activity patterns of roach ( Rutilus rutilus (L.)), rudd ( Scardinius erythrophthalmus (L.)), perch ( Perca fluviatilis L.) and pike ( Esox lucius L.) in the laboratory: the role of predation threat and structural complexity. Īrthur AD, Pech RP, Dickman CR (2004) Habitat structure mediates the non-lethal effects of predation on enclosed populations of house mice. Wiley, ChichesterĪgostinho AA, Thomaz SM, Gomes LC, Baltar SLSMA (2007) Influence of the macrophyte Eichhornia azurea on fish assemblage of the Upper Paraná River floodplain (Brazil). Ībrahams MV, Pink M, Klassen C (2009) Predator avoidance. We conclude that antipredatory responses may vary according to predator characteristics not obviously related to their morphology and foraging behavior, such as predator activity level and habitat use.Ībozaid A, Tsang B, Gerlai R (2020) The effects of small but abrupt change in temperature on the behavior of larval zebrafish. lacustris had a consistent response to the presence of predators with no adjustment for predator species. 2 by reducing its mobility and keeping as far as possible from the predator location in a vigilant state, while shoal formation was employed regardless of predator species. sanctaefilomenae responded to the addition of Hoplias sp. We video recorded and evaluated prey refuge use, habitat segregation, shoal formation, and mobility in microcosms before and after the addition of each predator. 2 and Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus) with similar morphology and foraging strategy (ambushing) to test whether prey ( Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae and Astyanax lacustris) behavioral responses were related to predator species identity. Here, we used two phylogenetically close piscivorous fish species ( Hoplias sp. Little is known whether antipredatory behaviors adopted by prey fish species are predator-specific or a general strategy employed regardless of predator species. As such behaviors may also imply fitness costs, the ability of prey to perceive and appropriately respond to the predation threat is crucial to determine the persistence of its populations.
Prey fish species can respond to the presence of predators using a variety of antipredatory behaviors to reduce their risk of being consumed.
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